Table 4 Logistic regression analysis based on exposure to all types- and major-pDDIs
From: Potential drug-drug interactions among pneumonia patients: do these matter in clinical perspectives?
Variables | All types-pDDIsa | Major-pDDIsb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Gender | ||||||||
 Male | Reference |  | – |  | Reference |  | – |  |
 Female | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.8 | – | – | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.6 | – | – |
Age (Years) | ||||||||
 ≤30 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 31–60 | 3.5 (1.7–7.2) | <  0.001 | 1.9 (0.7–4.7) | 0.2 | 2.8 (1.3–5.7) | 0.006 | 2.1 (0.8–5.7) | 0.1 |
 >60 | 3 (1.5–6) | 0.002 | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | 0.4 | 2.3 (1.1–4.8) | 0.02 | 1.7 (0.6–4.5) | 0.3 |
Drugs prescribed | ||||||||
 ≤5 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 6–10 | 8.3 (3.5–20) | < 0.001 | 7.3 (2.9–18.4) | <  0.001 | 23.4 (3.1–174.7) | 0.002 | 26.1 (3.3–210) | 0.002 |
 >10 | 53.9 (21–138) | < 0.001 | 43.3 (15.6–120) | <  0.001 | 132.3 (18–985) | <  0.001 | 144 (18–1177) | <  0.001 |
Hospital stay (days) | ||||||||
 ≤2 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 3–4 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.2 | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 0.3 | 1.8 (1–3.2) | 0.04 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.5 |
 >4 | 3.1 (1.7–5.4) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.5–2) | 0.9 | 3.2 (1.9–5.5) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) | 0.9 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
 Hypertension | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 0.008 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.9 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.07 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.5 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 2.6 (1.5–4.5) | 0.001 | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) | 0.08 | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 0.008 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.5 |
 Stroke | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 0.01 | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.19 | 1.6 (1.1–2.5) | 0.03 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.2 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.4 | – | – | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.03 |
 Ischemic heart disease | 1.9 (0.8–4.8) | 0.15 | 1.3 (0.5–3.6) | 0.6 | 2.1 (0.9–4.3) | 0.05 | 1.8 (0.8–4.4) | 0.2 |
 Urinary tract infection | 1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.9 | – | – | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 0.3 | – | – |
 Tuberculosis | 2.8 (0.8–9.6) | 0.09 | 3.7 (0.9–16.2) | 0.08 | 4.8 (1.6–14.4) | 0.004 | 8.2 (1.9–34.7) | 0.004 |
 Hepatitis | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.5 | – | – | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.4 | – | – |
 Chronic kidney disease | 1.5 (0.5–4.6) | 0.5 | – | – | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.4 | – | – |
 Asthma | 2.7 (0.6–11.8) | 0.2 | – | – | 1.4 (0.5–4.1) | 0.5 | – | – |