Table 1 An overview of manganese (Mn) content in food and drinks

Apple

Italy and Bucovat

Nigeria

0.95 μg/g

0.53 ppm

[212]

[213]

Beef meat

Xangai, China

0.848 ± 1.10 μg/g

[214]

Cabbage

Egypt

37.80 ± 1.20 μg/g

[215]

Cherry

Bulgaria

Bucovat

0.65 μg/g

0.80 μg/g

[212]

Chicken meat

Xangai, China

0.561 ± 4.18 μg/g

[214]

Chinese chive

South Korea

1.17 ± 0.04 μg/g

[216]

Coffee

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brazil

Lebanon

Poland

5.02 ± 0.52 μg/g

4.97 ± 0.10 μg/g

6.19 ± 0.02 μg/g

6.28 ± 1.01 μg/g

[217]

Duck meat

Xangai, China

0.54 ± 0.23 μg/g

[214]

Freshwater fish

Xangai, China

0.47 to 0.96 μg/g

[214]

Garlic

Kosovo

0.012 to 1.14 μg/g

[218]

Grape

Egypt

Nigeria

0.75 μg/g

0.08 ppm

[212]

[213]

Infant formula

 Cow-based

 Soy-based

USA

30–50 μg/L

200–300 μg/L

[220]

Lemon

Nigeria

0.23 ppm

[213]

Lettuce

Egypt

20.0 ± 1.0 μg/g

[215]

Marine mussels

Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis

England, USA, Sweden, Scotland, Canada, China.Hong Kong, China, Malasya,

10 to 100 μg/g

10 to 150 μg/g

[221]

Melon

Periam

Turkey

0.65 μg/g

0.85 μg/g

[212]

Milk

[222]

Fresh or processed

Human milk

Pakistan

–

0.0215 ± 0.01 or 0.0166 ± 0.01 ppm

3 to 10 μg/L

[220]

Mineral water

Egypt

2.35 ± 0.16 ɳg/mL

[215]

Onion

Kosovo

0.002 to 1.29 μg/g

[219]

Orange

Nigeria

0.45 ppm

[213]

Pears

Italy

Bucovat

0.40 μg/g

0.90 μg/g

[212]

Pineapple

Nigeria

15.00 ppm

[213]

Plums

Chile

Romania

0.95 μg/g

1.05 μg/g

[212]

Pork meat

Xangai, China

0.602 ± 0.697 μg/g

[214]

Potatoes

(white, red, orange-fleshed)

Canary Islands, Spain

2.71 ± 2.22, 2.57 ± 1.69,

1.74 ± 0.14 μg/g

[223]

Radish

Kosovo

0.038 to 1.33 μg/g

[219]

Rice

Australia

24.4 μg/g

[224]

River water

Egypt

2.16 ± 0.16 ɳg/mL

[215]

Seawater fish

Xangai, China

0.437 to 0.953 μg/g

[214]

Shellfish

Xangai, China

0.437 to 18.15 μg/g

[214]

Soybean

 Non-transgenic samples

Brazil

16.4 to 24.7 μg/g

[224]

 Transgenic samples

 Soy extracts

Japan

Canada

18.2 to 44.3 μg/g

16.5 ± 8.6 μg/g

[225]

[226]

Spinach

Egypt

Kosovo

South Korea

24.60 ± 1.10 μg/g

0.006 to 1.25 μg/g

3.69 ± 0.0001 μg/g

[215]

[218]

[216]

Strawberry

Belgium

Romania

3.65 μg/g

2.15 μg/g

[212]

Tap water

Egypt

1.74 ± 0.10 ɳg/mL

[215]

Tomatoes

Basque Country

6.8 to 23.0 μg/g

[227]

Watermelon

Greece

Roamania

0.95 μg/g

0.90 μg/g

[212]

White bread

Egypt

3.20 ± 0.36 μg/g

[215]

Wild chive

South Korea

3.06 ± 0.04 μg/g

[216]

Wild parsley

South Korea

3.45 ± 0.05 μg/g

[216]

Wine

Greece

2.2 to 10 mg/L

[228]