Table 2 Risk factors for paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in study patients
From: Low rates of hepatotoxicity among Asian patients with paracetamol overdose: a review of 1024 cases
Category | Hepatotoxicity | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | p value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 75 | No n = 949 | |||||||
Age(years) | ||||||||
<20 | 18(5.9) | 288 (94.5) | 1.00 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 0.31 | ||
21-30 | 47(8.4) | 510(91.6) | 1.48 | 0.84-2.59 | 0.18 | 1.41 | 0.75 - 2.63 | 0.29 |
>30 | 10(6.2) | 151(93.8) | 1.06 | 0.48-2.35 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.34 - 2.00 | 0.67 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 60 (7.1) | 780 (92.9) | 1.00 | |||||
Male | 15 (8.2) | 169 (91.8) | 1.15 | 0.64 - 2.08 | 0.64 | NA | NA | NA |
Race | ||||||||
Indian | 13 (3.8) | 327 (96.2) | 1.00 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.007 | ||
Malay | 36 (8.6) | 382 (91.4) | 2.31 | 1.23-4.34 | 0.009 | 2.22 | 1.13 - 4.37 | 0.023 |
Chinese | 26 (12.1) | 188 (87.9) | 3.39 | 1.73-6.64 | <0.001 | 3.26 | 1.55 - 6.84 | 0.002 |
PCM# Dose (g) | ||||||||
<10 | 12(2.7) | 436(97.3) | 1.00 | 1.0 | ||||
>10 | 61(11.3) | 481(88.7) | 2.59 | 1.68-3.99 | <0.001 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 4.46 | <0.001 |
Alcohol Co-ingestion | ||||||||
Yes | 3(6.7) | 42(93.3) | 1.00 | |||||
No | 72(7.4) | 907 (92.6) | 1.11 | 0.34-3.67 | 0.87 | NA | NA | NA |
BZDP* Co-ingestion | ||||||||
No | 73(7.2) | 940(92.8) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 2(18.2) | 9(81.8) | 2.95 | 0.63-13.91 | 0.17 | 3.20 | 0.60 - 17.68 | 0.18 |
Time from PCM Ingestion to Hospital Presentation (hours) | ||||||||
<3.9 | 9(1.9) | 454(98.1) | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 | ||
4.0-24.0 | 43(8.7) | 452(91.3) | 5.00 | 2.42-10.34 | <0.001 | 3.45 | 1.60 - 7.43 | 0.001 |
>24.1 | 23(34.8) | 43(65.2) | 25.50 | 11.17-58.24 | <0.001 | 10.71 | 3.46 - 33.15 | <0.001 |
Time from PCM Ingestion to NAC administration (hours) | ||||||||
<3.9 | 5(1.5) | 332(98.5) | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 | ||
4.0-24.0 | 41(6.8) | 560(93.2) | 4.95 | 1.94-12.62 | 0.001 | 2.94 | 1.07 - 8.00 | 0.037 |
>24.1 | 29(34.1) | 56(65.9) | 36.31 | 13.54-97.40 | <0.001 | 9.02 | 2.97 - 27.43 | <0.001 |